Critical Evaluation of Binaural Hearing Marketing Strategy Cochlear Ltd

Free Essays on Yellow Wallpaper

What a Night! It was a beautiful, warm Thursday evening. I was wandering foolishly through the neighbor’s gardens in search of glowing fireflies. I stumbled across a group of three fireflies, all with their lights shining, except for one. As I knelt down to pick up the helpless little creature, I heard a strange and unfamiliar noise. I flung myself to the ground as not to be caught. I clung to the grass for a few minutes, but the sound would not stop. I slowly raised my head to see what could be capable of making this sort of strange noise. A third story window in the house that occupied the property I was trespassing on caught my attention. A dim, yellow light shined in the room. I saw strange shadows on the ceiling, which I made out to be a woman. She looked to be circling the room in a slow manner. In her hands she grasped a large object, something flimsy and lightweight. I crawled to the base of an apple tree and carefully climbed up to the top branch. From there, I could confirm my speculations. I could not believe what my eyes saw; a deranged woman tearing wallpaper off the wall of her room, and flailing it around violently. The tearing of the wallpaper was the unexplainable sound that I had been hearing. Scared, I jumped out of the tree and ran home in fear of my life. Since that night, I have never stepped foot on that property again.... Free Essays on Yellow Wallpaper Free Essays on Yellow Wallpaper â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman is an account of a mentally disturbed woman. The woman portrayed in this short story plays the role of a dominated, inferior lady who is not outspoken and willing to take a stand on behalf of her own well being. She does not realize she can have her own ideas and stand up for herself; this is her main problem in the story. By applying all the concepts of style, symbolism and time era Charlotte Perkins Gilman has conceived a well-written story. The time frame has a great importance to the overall story. The account does not just deal with a woman going insane but a woman’s standing in society in the late 1800’s. During the time in which Gilman’s piece was written, women were not often prominent figures in society. Men frequently dominated them, and it was rare to find a very outspoken female willing to stand up for her own well-being. It is a very disturbing look at how a man could have dominated a lady in the time frame in which the story was set. It exemplifies how woman were disregarded at times and treated like frail beings at others. All woman really needed was moral or emotional support to break free of a male dominated society. Throughout the story symbolism is a strong key point. The wallpaper has many symbolic examples in it. The pattern at one point in time start to look like bars and the woman behind them is constantly shaking them at night to escape. The key factor is that the woman is somehow freed from the bars during the day, yet trapped behind them at night. This is symbolic of her husbands not being home during the days, while he is working. During this time she is alone and free to be herself, without anyone’s rules to suppress her emotions. Because of this she does not feel the urgent need to escape. At night however when her husband returns home she is thrown back behind those imaginary bars that symbolize her feelings of control. In the ... Free Essays on Yellow Wallpaper What a Night! It was a beautiful, warm Thursday evening. I was wandering foolishly through the neighbor’s gardens in search of glowing fireflies. I stumbled across a group of three fireflies, all with their lights shining, except for one. As I knelt down to pick up the helpless little creature, I heard a strange and unfamiliar noise. I flung myself to the ground as not to be caught. I clung to the grass for a few minutes, but the sound would not stop. I slowly raised my head to see what could be capable of making this sort of strange noise. A third story window in the house that occupied the property I was trespassing on caught my attention. A dim, yellow light shined in the room. I saw strange shadows on the ceiling, which I made out to be a woman. She looked to be circling the room in a slow manner. In her hands she grasped a large object, something flimsy and lightweight. I crawled to the base of an apple tree and carefully climbed up to the top branch. From there, I could confirm my speculations. I could not believe what my eyes saw; a deranged woman tearing wallpaper off the wall of her room, and flailing it around violently. The tearing of the wallpaper was the unexplainable sound that I had been hearing. Scared, I jumped out of the tree and ran home in fear of my life. Since that night, I have never stepped foot on that property again.... Free Essays on Yellow Wallpaper Take control â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a story based on â€Å"rest cure† treatment, developed after the Civil War by famous physician S. W. Mitchell, which required confining the patient to a remote residence on complete bad rest, increased food intake, supplements and exercise, massage and, at times, electric shock therapy. But the story actually is not a discussion about treatment methods of common mental disorders but about a struggle of personality- about a woman that tying to find independent way of living. The narrator, a young women in her thirties, faces deep identity problems, that lead her to extraordinary ways to express herself. To understand what is really going on with the person, we have to take a look at the environment that surrounds her. The fact that she is not at home but in temporary â€Å"ancestral hall for summer† and moved there just a few weeks ago, to the idea that this is not about her physical environment, but her emotional state we are talkin g here and the problem has not appeared itself just a few weeks ago; rather physical environment only triggered it making it noticeable. As opposite to temporal, that can be changed, her emotional surrounding is constant and this is what we will try to focus on. We believe, that â€Å"nervous breakdown† was result of continuous struggle to find her own personality and be accepted as she is, not the way it convenient for others to see her. The first figure that mention here is her husband John, who is her physician as well, and the reason she does not get batter, from her words. There are many reasons for psychological problems to occur, and one of them is extreme loneliness of narrator and lack of support from others. In this family husband presents a narcissistic, self-loving figure, that confident in self-perfection. He does not take his wife seriously as a partner and friend, keeping her away from his business. He leaving in a morning and come back late, only tell...

Racism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Racism - Essay Example Therefore, in order to keep that from happening, the indigenous people make use of racism and ethnic discrimination to scare the foreigners away. In order to eliminate racism and ethnic discrimination from our society, it is imperative that anti racism notions are cultivated in children in schools. Concepts developed in the schools play a fundamental role in determining the way a child would behave as an adult. Therefore, subjects as sociology and religion must be made necessary part of the curriculum in order to inculcate the sense of equality and harmony in the children so that they become responsible citizens as adults. In the workplace, employers should enforce rules that openly discourage the display of any sort of racism on the part of the employees. Employees showing racism should be expelled. Likewise, government should arrange lectures to convince the elderly against racism. I do not think that we would ever be able to completely rid the world of prejudice. Irrespective of t he education or grooming, people fundamentally behave as their nature dictates them to, though if the aforementioned measures are taken, people can be at least influenced to change their attitude towards people from other races.

Radical feminist vs Liberal feminism Research Paper

Radical feminist vs Liberal feminism - Research Paper Example According to these feminists as discussed by Joy, all their problems emanate from men and patriarchy (James 78). When it comes to liberal feminists, Joy explains that they blame the source of their inequality and unfair treatment in society as a result of them being viewed by society as less intellectual and also not being physically strong enough in comparison to the men. It is this societal view that makes the liberal feminists want to emancipate themselves and want to gain equality. These feminists advocate for equality through rights to work and fair compensation. They also advocate for an end to domestic violence and sexual exploitation which has been the common thing women go through. An example of radical feminism that really needs to be changed is the issue of social class accorded to women and men. For a long time, men have been the ones accorded the upper social class in society as a result of the patriarchal system in society. This upper social class status has made the men be seen as the superior beings and women as the inferior in all sectors other than in home matters or domestic affairs like house-keeping and rearing children (reproductive roles). This is the notion and concept the radical feminists want to remove and show that women too can work in productive roles the same as men (Hannam 54). The liberal feminists on the other hand advocate more about reproductive rights which as a result of being seen as the gender whose roles are reproductive are not accorded the necessary reproductive rights they deserve. The need to advocate for these rights is because in as much as they directly involve women, they are ignored when it comes to planning or even implementation of reproductive laws for example the abortion laws. Women were initially not consulted or asked their views on abortion and whether they would like it to be made legal to avoid

Advertisements and Tourism Websites Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Advertisements and Tourism Websites - Essay Example Advertisements and websites are the most prolific example of segmented marketing, where the target group decides the contents of advertisements. In the rapid globalization and advancing technology, websites of tourism are the most popular form of advertisements for the tourism industry whose. Tourism websites have become popular primarily because they are able to provide the customers with the necessary information and services that facilitate their desire for relaxation and at the same time whet their appetite for adventure. People have the inherent urge for adventure and tourist industry, the world over has left no stone unturned in order to provide an exciting adventure in the remotest part of the world. The information explosion and e-commerce activities in the tourism industry have further added to the attraction. The websites have made even a middle-class person, with limited resources, to crave for the attractions and exciting new packages that are on offers by the travel agen cies. ‘http://www.guardian.co.uk/travel’ is one such website that is designed to seduce the customers with a vast choice of places offering attractive schemes. Rest and relaxation are an integral part of human nature where different people have different notion of rejuvenating themselves. The tips given by the travelers are designed to inspire and boost the confidence of the future customers.

Management Theory Analysis Of Case Study Business Essay

Management Theory Analysis Of Case Study Business Essay In present, the success of an organization significantly depends upon its management and the theories or designs adopted by it for successfully handling its different aspects. The concept of management is been used from last several years but applied in different manner. The different use of management has been evolved in the form of management theory. The concept of management theory has developed from classical theory, bureaucracy, human relations, and social psychological schools, systems and contingency approaches to contemporary management approaches. All the above mentioned management theories have been given by different theorists with their own viewpoints and assumptions that can be applied in workplace according to the needs. Nowadays, application of management theory is important because it assist organizations with an approach to make its entire people more productive. IT facilitates individuals and professional with diverse approaches and tactics that they can use to manage their business and human resources. The vital key to an organizations success is its people and if it is able to manage them, it can effectively attain its pre-determined goals. All the aspects management, management theory, contemporary theories of management, organizational designs, enterprise within organizations and organizational structures are somehow related to each other. All of these are different but interrelated as these are used by a firm to manage its processes, operations and resources. All of these aspects and development of management theory will be discussed in detail in this assignment in concern to the given scenario of Computing for Commerce (CFC). This assignment will be done with the help of analyzing all previous researches done in this field and its applicability in workplace. A number of theorists and researchers have analyzed the management theory and its practice at workplace. They have given several theories or approaches that can be used to improve the productivity of workplace. These different theories and approaches will be analyzed to understand the applicability of management theories and approaches in workplace. The company selected for the discussion and applicability of management behaviour and theory is Computing for Commerce. It was established by Nico Van Barneveld in 1984. It was started as centralized payroll bureau that handle payroll transactions for companies who are too small to run their own payroll departments. It produce monthly payroll statements, transfer funds into employees bank accounts and calculate monthly tax deductions which are paid to the inland revenue on behalf of its clients. From the time of its origin, the size of its customers has grown from 50 customers to 300 customers. The company operates with a flat structure and still runs everything in a hands on manner. Critical Review of CFCs Management Style and Practices In 1984, when Nico Van Barneveld founded Computing for Commerce, it was serving only few customers. Now, as company has expanded in terms of its operations and customers it should adopt some different approach rather than only a flat organizational structure or conventional management styles and practices. The management practices and styles adopted by CFC was effective in old time but now, it is confronting severe issues and it is all because of its ineffective style of management. The concept of management exists from past some centuries but it has become substantial from last few decades. This is because of the failures confronted by various organizations in concern to their management behaviour and practices. From last some decades, CFC has confronted several opportunities as well as challenges and it is all due to increasing globalization and rising level of competition. For capitalizing on existing opportunities and minimizing the effect of heightening challenges, it adopted different expansion strategies. The expansion strategies assisted the company in enlarging its customer base, but it didnt help it in managing its operations and resources. The company employees were dissatisfied that evidences that it should have adopted some effective management theory as from last several years a number of management theories have emerged. Theories like classical theory, bureaucracy, human relations, and social psychological schools, systems and contingency approaches could significantly assist business organizations (Miner 2007). The adoption of different management theories would have facilitated CFC with an appropriate management style or practice to manage their operations and as well as their resources like finance and human resources. This could also be understood with the help of discussion of the development of management theory, different schools of management and their implications for the organisation of CFCs challenges and opportunities. Classical Organizational Theory: The classical organizational theory developed throughout the first half of this century. This management theory is merger of Taylors scientific management, Webers bureaucratic theory and Fayols administrative theory (Almashaqba Al-Qeed 2010). Classical organization theories pertain to formal organization and concepts for increasing management efficiency. Taylor introduced scientific management concepts in 1917, Weber gave the bureaucratic approach and Fayol explicated the administrative theory of the organization (Walonick n.d.). With the help of all these theories or some of these theories, CFC would have easily resolved its troubles related with the management of its employees and their distributions in the management of their work. These theories could significantly assist CFC in increasing its management efficiency as it is vital for the company with its increasing expansion (Organizational Theories n.d.). The advantages and disadvantages of these different classical theories in concern to CFC can be understood with their discussions: Taylors Scientific Management Approach: The scientific management approach was developed by Taylor and it is grounded on the conception of planning of work for attaining efficiency, standardization, specialization and simplification. This approach concentrated on the need of increasing mutual trust among management and workers as it is a key to increase productivity (Rimer 1993). If CFC also makes use of this approach, it can effectively plan all its operations and distributions of its employees or trainers. Taylor explicated the subsequent four principles of scientific management through which business organizations can improve their productivity: Old rules-of-thumb should be replaced by a scientific approach. Organizations should select employees on the basis of some analysis, and then should be taught, trained and developed. Concentrate on the need of cooperation among management and labor so that all work can be done in accordance to the developed scientific principles. Scientific training of the workers so that work can be divided effectively between workers and managers with effective planning and control (Walonick n.d.). With the help of this approach CFC may also plan and control all its business operations like payroll transactions and PC Application training. The allocation of local centre managers and trainers would also be done on scientific basis. This will assist the company in making formal divisions among its workers and managers and as well as in adopting systematic procedures (Almashaqba Al-Qeed 2010). On the other hand, this approach also has some limitations like in modern time it is not very much relevant as nowadays concentration on production is replaced by people. In modern time, companies cannot use their employees just as a mean of production they have to treat their employees in a fair and imperative manner (Miner 2007). Webers Bureaucratic Approach: Bureaucratic approach was given by Max Weber in 1947. He elaborated theories given by Taylor and emphasized on the need to abbreviate diversity and uncertainty in organizations. As well, he concentrated on the establishment of clear lines of authority and control. This bureaucratic theory also stressed on the need of a hierarchical structure of power (Walonick n.d.). It assisted the businesses in identifying the significance of division of labor and specialization. In addition to this, a formal set of rules was also bounded into the hierarchy structure so that companies can effectively insure stability and uniformity (Organizational Theories n.d.). By making use of this approach CFC can easily and effectively modify its flat organizational structure that is not suitable nowadays as it is expanding its operations. With the help of bureaucratic approach, the company can significantly develop as a formal organization based on structure, specialization, certainty and stability, rationality and uniformity. This formal structure will assist the company in resolving all its present challenges and capitalizing on available opportunities. In addition to the above discussed advantages, this approach also has some limitations as it will not assist the company in the management of aspects like inflexibility, impersonality, displacement of aims, limitation of classification and self-protraction. It will bring forth a vertical organizational structure that will give rise to many levels of management. Many levels of management will increase complexity and difficulty in attaining coordination. Administrative Theory: The last significant classical theory is Administrative theory that is also known as principles of management. This theory was validated in 1930. It was developed by Fayol in 1949. This theory stressed on the development of a universal set of management principles that could be applied to all organizations (Organizational Theories n.d.). The different elements of this theory are associated to the accomplishment of tasks, principles of management, the conception of line and staff, committees and functions of management. This theory assisted in the identification of the management principles rather than personal traits. Other theorists only shared their beliefs but Fayol was first that recognized management as an ongoing process of evaluation. By making use of this theory CFC can significant attain several advantages in terms of functions of management (planning, organizing, training, commanding and coordinating), line and staff and principles of management (Sapru 2006). All these concepts will assist the company in managing its business operations, customers, stakeholders and other associates. The 14 principles of management will help the company and Nico in an effective management of its organization and its resources. The company will become able in dealing with all its existing issues related with management of operations and resources (Walonick n.d.). In addition to all these advantages, the company may also confer some disadvantages if these principles are not managed in an appropriate manner. It may increase chaos and confusion among the company and its employees. With the discussion of classical theory, it can be said that it can help CFC in the management of its organization but it is very rigid and mechanistic. In this theory, employees have minimum power over their jobs and working conditions that is not relevant with modern era. In modern era employees are given significant preferences in spite of production as until or unless they are not happy, a firm may not attain its objectives. Neoclassical Organization Theory: Neoclassical theorist stressed on the significance of individual or group behaviour and accentuated on human relations. On the basis of the Hawthorne experiments the neoclassical approach stressed on the development of social or human relationships among the operators, researchers and superiors (Organizational Theories n.d.). The considerations of this theory were more pertinent to rendering productivity rather than only making changes in working conditions. The neoclassical theorists argued that business can attain productivity increases by developing high morale. High morale is affected by the amount of individual, personal and close attention workers receive (Mirowski 1983). By making use of this theory, CFC can effectively develop its employees rather than only adopting changes in work pattern or conditions. This theory can facilitate company and Neo on concentrating on human nature aspects. With the help of this management practice, CFC will become able in establishing an informal organization structure and focussing on the development of its employees (Walonick n.d.). With the implication of this theory, Neo will become able in understanding that an employee is not a mechanical tool. An employee is a social being who have several aspirations that affect his performance and productivity. This understanding would assist Neo in developing the productivity of his employees by providing them effective opportunities and motivation. With the application of this theory Neo will also become able in understanding the importance of work group and participative management. Participative management will assist CFC in attaining all available opportunities and in expansion and resolving issues of employee dissatisfaction. Work group will assist it in deriving the benefits of synergy. In this way, this theory will substantially help CFC in the management of its employees that are most vital aspect of a business growth. In addition to above discussed advantages, this theory also has some disadvantages. The management behaviour and practices rendered by this theory sometimes may create failure as there is lack of monitoring that is vital. This theory implies for loose control over subordinates that is not applicable in present competitive environment. At some extent it is essential to monitor subordinates as otherwise they may divert from the given duties or responsibilities. Contingency Theory This theory is a kind of behavioural theory that asserts that in general there is no effective way to systematize a corporation, to direct it and undertake decisions. In spite of this, the best way to manage an organization depends upon its internal and external situation. It was developed by Chandler in 1962 and Lawrence and Lorsch in 1969. In respect to this theory different contingent approaches were developed in the late 1960 (Bacher 2007). Contingency theorists suggested that previous theories like Webers bureaucracy and Taylors scientific management had broke down because they overlooked the environment (Walonick n.d.). In modern time, management style and organizational structure of a firm is substantially influenced by its internal and external environment or contingency factors. If CFC make use of this theory can effectively resolve all its troubles related with expansion and management of its operations. An analysis of its environment will significantly help the company in its future business decisions (Organizational Theories n.d.). With an internal environment analysis, the company can easily identify the substantial reasons of its employee dissatisfaction and level of their performance. On the other hand, external environment will assist it in its future business planning and decisions. With the use of contingency theory, the company will effectively become able in managing its conflicts rather than avoiding it. In addition to these advantages, this theory also has some disadvantages like it is applicable only in a situation when organizational environment is unstable or changing (Jacques 2007). As well, this also demands management time, money, and effort so that coordination can be attained. Systems Theory This theory was suggested by Hungarian biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy in 1928. This theory emphasised that all the elements of an organization are interconnected and if there occurs change in a variable it might affect several others also (Northouse 2009). In concern to this theory, organization is considered as open system that is continually interacting with its environment. By applying this theory CFC can effectively derive immense success. It will assist the company in shaping its reality on the basis of its actions. It will help Neo in understanding how its own actions have shaped its present position and that in turn will boost his confidence. With this, he will become able in understanding that its success is related to all its business elements (Kast Rosenzweig 1972). If it makes changes in an element it has to evaluate other elements also so that determined objective can be attained effectively (Walonick n.d.). This theory will help CFC in focussing on all its business elements rather than at a single element. Additionally, it also has disadvantages like its concept of nonlinearity adds massive complexity to understanding of organizations. Its nonlinearity introduces significant complexity and that makes it difficult to understand the relationships between variables. This may also drive CFC towards confusion so it is better to understand its affectivity so that complexity may not arise (Organizational Theories n.d.). The relationship among all its business variables needs to be identified for effective functioning. Approaches to Contemporary Issues in Management Nowadays, the new conception of management has entirely replaced the traditional perspectives of management. In present managers from all around the world are trying to seek new insights about how they can lead in a much better manner and how they can motivate, organise and manage their organisations (McKenna 2000). All these efforts of universal managers are highly affected by the contemporary issues of management confronted by them. With the increasing globalization and healthy world trade conditions, more and more companies are trying to operate at international level. All companies want to reach at the benefits of global expansion so that they can reap the existing opportunities. The effect of globalization has forced companies to move into foreign markets that in turn present several issues in front of managers in concern to management (Daft 2009). They are confronting issues like decreasing level of motivation, downsizing, managing diversity, and management of rapid change and meeting with the competing demands of all stakeholders. Similar is the situation with CFC and need to be managed effectively. All these contemporary issues in management can be resolved effectively at CFC by making use of advanced approaches towards employee motivation, management style, change management and fulfilling competing demands of all stakeholders. For motivating its employees the company can make use of approach of employee empowerment. This will develop self-leadership among CFCs employees and they will become authorized to lead others (Jacques 2007). The deliverance of authority to employees will increase their motivation towards the fulfilment of CFC goals. In addition to employee empowerment, the CFC may also make use of different types of management styles and change management approaches. Both of these will assist the company in responding to change in its internal and external environment. For managing its internal environment the company should make use of participative management style as this will assist in the development of flexible management (Holbeche 2006). It will heighten the communication among company managers and employees that in turn will increase their level of performance. The changed management approach like planned change will assist the company in dealing with its external environment and effect of globalization (Luthans 1998). Participative approach towards management and effective modes of communication will assist, CFC in significantly meeting with the competing demands of all its stakeholders. Internal and external environment analysis will assist it in understanding the needs and requirements of its customers, suppliers, employees and shareholders (Harris Hartman 2001). In this way, it can be said that in present there are various approaches that can be used by CFC for dealing with the contemporary issues of management. Evaluation of CFCs Enterprise Culture Consideration of its Operating Structure CFC is a small size firm and its enterprise culture is not as effective as it need to be in present time. The company operates in the simplest manner and does not give importance to social values of employees, associates and its stakeholders. Due to its weak enterprise culture it confronts several issues in concern to its employees, associates, stakeholders satisfaction. The company operates as a sole trader that has several advantages as well as disadvantages for it (Murray, Poole Jones 2006). The only person that owns the CFC is Neo. In this type of company structure, Neo being a sole proprietor has absolute control over his business and he is totally responsible for its management. This type of structure has little start up costs and it is elementary. All the profits made by this type of company structure are kept by Neo only and it is quite flexible as whatever changes are required can be made easily. On the other, this structure also render Neo with several disadvantages like he has to manage all business related tasks and as his business is expanding, it will become difficult for him only to manage all business operations. He is exclusively responsible for paying all debts and it is also difficult for a sole trader to raise funds for expansions (Spedding Rose 2008). With the discussion of these disadvantages of sole trading, it can be said that the CFC should make use of some other company structure. Now as company is increasing in its size and customer base than it should make use of following company structures: Limited Companies: Limited companies subsist with their own right. The companys finances are distinguished from the personal finances of their proprietors. Shareholders may be people or other companies and they are not accountable for the companys debts unless they have given guarantees. The main types of limited company are private limited companies, public limited companies and private unlimited companies (Pride, Hughes Kapoor 2009). In this type of business structure, there is limited liability. It means that each shareholder or member is liable only at the extent of the amount invested by him. This type of structure also avoids double taxation. On the other hand, it also has some limitations like restrictive transfer of ownership (Needham Dransfield 1994). Partnerships: In this type of company structure, two or more people share the risks, costs and responsibilities of business. Each associate is self-employed and enjoys a share of the profits. In this type of company structure, partners make decisions by coordinating with each other that usually results in assured success. It reduces the risk of individually running and managing a business (Spedding Rose 2008). It is a relatively simple and flexible way to manage a business. On the other hand, it also has some disadvantages like it is not essential that both the partners follow all established rules and ethics. They may take advantage of other for fulfilling their own needs. Co-operatives: It is a distinct type of business structure that is user-owned and user-controlled business that allocates margins to its users on the basis of use of patronage. This structure authorizes its users to attain ownership by patronizing the business. It also has risks like uncertainty, and follows up of established code of conduct (Pride, Hughes Kapoor 2009). With the above discussion of different types of business structures, it can be said that CFC should make use of some other operating structure in spite of sole trading. As now, the size of company is increasing in terms of its operations, customer base and overseas expansion; it is not possible for Neo only to manage each business aspect. In this situation, he should adopt some other company structure like partnership or limited company. Analysis of CFCs Organization Structure From the time of its origin, CFC is operating with flat organizational structure. In the company everything runs in a hands on manner. The company has four key staff in the centre of the company that handle management functions like finance and marketing. As well, the company also has a dedicated central IT team of three people handling the payroll service. The company is running on flat organizational structure because it feels this structure is appropriate in accordance to its small size. With the help of this flat structure the company is able in attaining effective communication among its employees and management. It also assists CFC in the development of effective team spirit, less bureaucracy and rational decision making (Furnham 2005). In addition to these advantages of flat organizational structure, the company also confronts several disadvantages like it may limit its growth and structure. Functions of an individual or department could be blurred and merge with the job roles of others as there are not any distinctions between individuals roles (Daft Marcic 2008). With the discussion of these advantages and disadvantages of flat organizational structure, it can be said that CFC should adopt some other organizational design. As now companys operations and customer base is increasing day by day and it is also planning to establish its operations in overseas locations, the company should change its old organizational structure. Subsequent are the various organizational designs that can be considered by CFC for the effective management of its new overseas ventures: Functional Structure: It is a type of departmentalization in which positions are grouped on the basis of their main functional area. In other words, in this type of structure positions are grouped into units on the basis of similarity of expertise, acquisitions and work activities (Montana Charnov 2000). It is most common method of grouping activities. CFC can also make use of this structure as it will assist it in running its overseas operations effectively. With the help of this structure, the company will become able in grouping its several employees on the basis of their functions like marketing, finance, operations, management etc. It is a logical structure and can help the company in managing its increasing size and employee base. With the help of this functional structure, Neo will effectively utilize its greater variety of skills. This structure will provide clarity to its members regarding their roles and duties and with this they will get specialization in specific business area (Drucker 2008). This role clarity and specialization will develop employees leadership skills. Divisional Structure: A divisional organizational structure is a type of departmentalization in which positions are grouped according to similarity of products, services or markets. With the help of this organizational structure, CFC can divide its complex functional units into smaller, more flexible and administrative units. The functions of its payroll departments can be classified into different divisions (Luthans 1998). This will assist the company in promoting independent and self-contained units in its overseas ventures. This can also be used for managing its increasing size and technology. Employees satisfaction level will also increase with this type of structure as they will became independent and will operate according to their own rationality in concern to given goals. Each division or unit of the company will react quickly that is vital for operating successfully in overseas ventures. In addition to this, organization and coordination will also become easy and speedy (Storey 2004). Hybrid Structure: Other substantial organization structure that can be used by CFC for managing its increasing size and customer base is hybrid structure. This structure will assist the company in adopting both the functional and divisional structure at the same level of management (Agarwal 1983). With the help of functional structure, the company will become able in deriving advantages of economies of scale, greater competence of managers and competence in resource utilization (Murphy Saal 1990). As well, with the help of divisional structure it will become able in concentrating on its services and markets. Matrix Structure: The last significant organizational structure that can be used by CFC for managing its overseas ventures is matrix organizational structure. It is type of departmentalization that superimposes a horizontal set of divisions reporting relationships onto a hierarchical functional structure. With the help of this structure the CFC can take advantages of decentralized decision making. In addition to this, it will facilitate the company in attaining strong project or product coordination (Griffin Moorhead 2009). With this structure the company will become able in quickly responding to changes and making a flexible use of human resources. With the discussion of all substantial organizational designs, it can be said that CFC can easily make use of above discussed structures. With the help of these advanced organizational designs the company will become able in managing its overseas ventures by analyzing goals, values, cultures, size, technology and tasks. Evaluation of Global Issues that affect CFC and its New Venture In the last few years, Nico has seen the evolution of outsourcing as a most important new way of doing business. He has also decided that CFC must grab this opportunity on an international scale. In this concern he has determined to open an outsourced IT support centre in the far east to take account of the lower wage structure in that part of the world. He also have plan to open an outsourced call centre of more or less 200 people working from the overseas territory on behalf of approximately 50 UK based companies. For its global ventures, Neo has discovered three countries of interest that are Vietnam, Cambodia and Philippines. Nico knows very little about these countries working practices and environment that can negatively affect its operations. For handling with these global issues, it is essential that the company take into account existing market forces, barriers to trade and related aspects. Nowadays more and more countries are adopting and signing different agreements so that they can operate without any limits or constraints in foreign locations. The concept of free economy has emerged with the evolution of aspects like protectionism, trading blocs (EU, NAFTA etc) and importation quotas and import duties. By analyzing all these aspects and benefits limitations of free market, CFC can effectively enter the selected foreign countries (Pride, Hughes Kapoor 2009). Protectionism: It is the economic policy that limits trade between states with the use of techniques like tariffs on imported goods, protective quotas and a kind of other government ordinances. These constraints in this economic policy were planned to deter imports, and preclude foreign take-over of domestic markets and companies. This policy is intimately coordinated with anti-globalization (Hill 2008). It is a contrast to free trade that is still used in some nations but is been abolishing from last several years with increasing globalization. Trade Blocs: A trade bloc is a kind of intergovernmental placement that is mostly part of a regional intergovernmental organization. With these agreements regional impediments to trade like tarif

Use of Symbols and Symbolism in John Steinbecks The Chrysanthemums Ess

Use of Symbols and Symbolism in John Steinbeck's The Chrysanthemums  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      John Steinbeck's short story "The Chrysanthemums" is about a proud, strong woman named Elisa Allen who feels frustrated with her present life. Her frustration stems from not having a child and from her husband's failure to admire her romantically as a woman. The only outlet for her frustration is her flower garden where she cultivates beautiful chrysanthemums. Steinbeck uses chrysanthemums as symbols of the inner-self of Elisa and of every woman. First, the chrysanthemums symbolize Elisa's children. She tends her garden and handles the chrysanthemums with love and care, just as she would handle her own children. Elisa is very protective of her flowers and places a wire fence around them; she makes sur... ...age, but her realization that her life is not going to change is crystallized when she sees the flowers thrown on the road. It devastates her completely to have to settle for such an unfulfilling life. Work Cited Steinbeck, John. "The Chrysanthemums." Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Ed. X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. 6th ed. New York: Harper Collins, 1995. 239-47.

Oliver Twist Essay

In ‘Oliver Twist’ Bill Sykes brings terror to the novel, which adds to the suspense and makes you want to read on. Bill Sykes is brutal which you soon realise when he delights in beating his dog or girlfriend, Nancy. Many novels of this time were full of such characters and Dickens, a playwright and an actor as well as a novelist, knew then well. The orphan Oliver Twist escapes from the workhouse by running away to London. Oliver is introduced to Fagin who trains him to be a thief and he is then taken on a burglary with Sykes, Oliver recovers from being shot in the burglary and Nancy nurses Sykes back to full health. Sykes kills Nancy, which has a terrible effect on him, and he later kills himself. Bill Sykes brings the real terror to the novel but he is also extremely unpredictable. Rarely he can seem quite reasonable and occasionally shows kindness to his dog and girlfriends, but generally he keeps everyone in fear of what he is going to do next. We see evidence of this when Fagin says, â€Å"You won’t be too violent Bill? † This statement shows that they have no trust in him. Bill Sykes also has a problem with alcohol, he drinks far too much, and this probably accounts for some of his unpredictable behaviour. We see evidence of his drinking problem when he says, â€Å"†¦ to prevent my standing treat for a pint of so†¦. † This shows that he thinks that he thinks drinking is a treat and does not himself think that he has a drinking problem. Bill Sykes us the archetypal Victorian villain. To be a real villain Sykes must show no compassion for anyone and we see that on many occasions. When Nancy has nursed him back to health, staying up for nights looking after him, he turns on her the moment he wakes up. This shows he is very ungrateful for any sympathy given to him. â€Å"Illness had not improved Mr Sykes’ temper, for as the girl raised him up and led him to a chair, he struck her †¦. † He is also quite ready to send Nancy out to work and possibly profit from what she does. From all of this we can gather further evidence that he is ungrateful for any help he received. Sykes treats his dog very badly, it receives regular kicks and is threatened constantly. At one time when he was going to escape he contemplates killing, â€Å"The dog, though. If any descriptions of him were out, it would not be forgotten that the dog was missing. † Sykes is a typical bully who shows no remorse for what he does to others. We see evidence of this when he takes Oliver on the burglary with him and does not care whether Oliver gets injured. Sykes has no respect for Fagin and you can tell this by the way he speaks to him. You can see Fagin is afraid of him but Fagin does like to have the last word. If Sykes does not get his own way he will turn to violence as we see with the arguments over Oliver, â€Å"†¦ looking sternly at him, and ostentatiously passing a pistol into a more convenient pocket. â€Å"That’s lucky for one of us. † This shows again Sykes is unpredictable and a bully and brings more tension. When Bill Sykes sees Fagin, Fagin changes the tone of his voice at once. Fagin is obviously afraid of the physical strength of Sykes but Sykes is still wary of Fagin.

Is the ACT Hard 9 Key Factors, Considered

Is the ACT Hard 9 Key Factors, Considered SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The ACT is a nerve-wracking test considering the impact scores can have on college admissions prospects. But how hard is the ACT, really? It's intimidating, sure, but it's not as difficult as it seems. The material on the ACT becomes much less challenging if you're familiar with the structure of the test and the way questions are asked. In this article, I'll go over a few aspects of the ACT that tend to make it more or less difficult and provide essential tips on how to get past some of these obstacles and end up with a great score! Is the ACT Hard? At its core, the ACT tests relatively basic concepts, so you're unlikely to see any content that's totally unfamiliar to you. However, it can definitely be challenging depending on how much you prepare and how well you've learned the material in school. The English section tests grammatical and stylistic writing concepts that will be familiar to you based on your work in English classes in late middle school and early high school. The Math section doesn't test any material past the concepts you would have learned in algebra II and trigonometry, classes which many students have taken by the end of their sophomore year of high school. The passages in the Reading section are written at approximately the reading level of an average college freshman, but they don't contain obscure vocabulary words, and most questions rely on basic reading comprehension. The Science section deals with evaluating experimental scenarios and scientific theories that you'll most likely be able to understand if you've taken a high school science class with a lab component. The main challenge of the ACT for most students is its format. You have a very limited amount of time to answer each question, and there's a significant amount of reading involved. You'll need to overcome the challenges presented by the structure of the test before you can successfully apply your knowledge of the content. 5 Factors That Make the ACT Harder There are a lot of considerations that go into answering the question "Is the ACT hard?" Here I'll list a few different qualities of the ACT that might make it difficult for you. #1: Time Pressure The ACT is challenging for many students because of its strict time constraints. On the English section, you'll answer 75 questions in just 45 minutes, which is equal to a mere 36 seconds per question. On the Math section, you'll answer 60 questions in 60 minutes, so you have a minute at most for each question. On both Reading and Science, you'll answer 40 questions in 35 minutes, meaning you get 52 seconds per question. There's no time to linger on difficult questions, so if you're not used to the test, you may run out of time before finishing one or more sections. #2: Lots of Reading The ACT includes long passages in both the English and Reading sections, and the Science section also requires quite a bit of reading (especially for conflicting viewpoints questions). There are four passages (or pairs of passages) on the Reading section that accompany sets of questions. Often, the questions don't include line numbers for reference. This can mean spending lots of time searching through the passage to find the information you need. If you don't have a good reading strategy in place before the test, you might not get to the end of the section. #3: High-Stress Environment As I've mentioned, the ACT is a high-pressure test because it can strongly impact your chances of admission to competitive colleges. Even on a test that doesn't contain extraordinarily challenging content, stress can make everything seem significantly more intimidating. If you're too worried about making mistakes, you might get distracted by anxiety and inadvertently make the test more difficult for yourself. #4: Unfamiliar Data Some students find the science section of the ACT difficult because it asks you to interpret unfamiliar data from types of experiments that you might not have encountered before in class. It can be a challenge to interpret these charts and graphs if the units are in an unusual form or are measurements of things that you can't easily visualize. Here's an example: At first glance, graphs like this are somewhat unintelligible (watts per meters squared? wut?). You can learn to get past all this to locate the core information that you need to answer the questions, but it's tough if you're not used to the test. #5: Some Challenging Math Concepts (And No Formulas) The ACT tests the occasional advanced math concept that you may not have learned yet, including a few questions on basic trigonometry. To make it even tougher, the ACT doesn't provide commonly used math formulas at the beginning of the section like the SAT does. You'll have to rely mostly on memory in that area. However, questions will provide you with the formulas you need to find the solution if they happen to be a bit more obscure. For example, this is always the case when trigonometric identities are involved. You'll probably encounter the less exciting type of pi(e) on the ACT. 4 Factors That Make the ACT Easier Now let's look at the other side. Here are a few factors that might make the ACT an easier test compared to other exams you've taken in school. #1: Consistent Structure and Question Formats The ACT is always structured the same way with the same types of questions. This standardization means it's relatively easy to predict what will show up on the test in what order. It's much simpler to prepare for a test when you know exactly what to expect. Every time you take the ACT, you can be positive that the order of the sections is English, Math, Reading, Science, and optional Writing. Within the Reading section, you can even predict the order of the passages in terms of subject matter. You can learn more about the structure of each section in this comprehensive guide to the format of the test. #2: All Multiple Choice Every question on the ACT (minus the optional essay) is multiple choice. Unlike the SAT, there are no grid-in questions on ACT Math. That means that you don't have to come up with any answers independently. All the correct answers are right there in front of you! You just need to figure out how to eliminate the choices that don't make sense. #3: ACT Science Isn't Really That Sciencey Some people are very intimidated by the Science section of the ACT because it seems like you must have to know a bunch of obscure scientific facts to do well. That's not true! The science section is just reading comprehension and data interpretation combined with basic logic. You don't need to dive back into your notes on electrochemistry or memorize physics formulas. Even if you lack confidence in your academic skills in scientific domains, you can learn to do very well on this section with some practice. #4: No Guessing Penalty The ACT doesn't take points off for incorrect answers, so leaving a question blank and answering it incorrectly are functionally the same. This means that you don't have to agonize over whether or not it's worth it to fill in a random answer bubble on a question that totally stumps you. Provide an answer for every question just in case you get lucky! Commit whatever guessing infractions you want - there's no penalty! 3 Tips to Make the ACT Easier for You I just went over a bunch of fixed qualities of the ACT that might make it easier or harder, but the biggest factor in determining how easy the test will be for you is how you choose to approach it. Here are some tips that will help you manage the challenges of the ACT and reduce anxiety surrounding such an important test. Tip 1: Take Lots of Practice Tests The number one way to make the ACT easier for yourself is by taking practice tests at frequent intervals as a part of your studying. Practice tests help you get used to the format and timing of the real test so you can avoid any unpleasant surprises. As I've said, time pressure is one of the hardest aspects of the ACT, so if you learn to manage your time well on practice tests, you'll already be much closer to a high score. Practice tests also get you accustomed to aspects of the test that appear scary at first glance but are totally manageable once you understand the format better. Tip 2: Stay Calm Test anxiety is the downfall of many students who are otherwise perfectly capable of understanding the content of the ACT. It's important to find strategies to combat the stress that accompanies these high-pressure exams so it doesn't ruin your performance. Mindfulness techniques can be helpful during the test, and being aware of the structure of the exam before you go into it can also alleviate stress. Keep in mind that your fate in life will not be determined by your score on this one exam. You'll have multiple chances to take it as long as you start the process early enough. Tip 3: Make Note of Your Mistakes Always pay attention to where you encounter errors on practice tests so you can focus on improving in those areas. The more time you devote to addressing content areas that you don't understand, the more comfortable you'll feel on test day. If you keep taking practice tests without attending to your mistakes, you'll have the format of the ACT memorized, but you won't fix any of the deeper issues that are causing you to lose points. Ultimately, if you want to gain confidence, you need to take the time to understand where you went wrong and how you can change your strategy to avoid the same mistakes on test day. You should learn to catch yourself before you start taking an incorrect route to find the solution to a question. Bottom Line: How Hard Is the ACT? The first time you take an ACT practice test, you might perceive the difficulty level as challenging, average, or relatively easy depending on your educational background. The ACT may be more difficult for people who have a hard time reading quickly or who aren't as comfortable with some of the advanced math concepts. However, it's always possible to improve your performance by continuing to practice questions that are tough for you, getting more comfortable with the timing and structure of the test, and learning to relax even when things aren't going perfectly. What's Next? For more tips, check out this article on when you should start studying for the ACT based on your goals. Thinking about getting a review book to prepare for the ACT? Read our review of the official ACT prep guide Aiming for a super high score on the ACT? Take a look at this article on how to earn a perfect or close to perfect score with the help of some expert study strategies. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

The collision of electronic information systems in transition with patients in transition

The collision of electronic information systems in transition with patients in transition Executive summary Josephine McMurray, Elizabeth Hicks, Helen Johnson, Jacobi Elliott, Kerry Byrne, and Paul Stolee authored the article, Trying to find information is like hating yourself every day: The collision of electronic information systems in transition with patients in transition, which was published in the Journal of Health Informatics.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The collision of electronic information systems in transition with patients in transition specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The article examines the implication of electronic medical records (EMR) coupled with parallel paper medical records on continuity of information in healthcare facilities. In conducting the research, ethnographic field study was deployed as the main methodology for gathering data. The article draws its inferences from results of three main case studies involving older patients having hip fracture and transitioning within h ealthcare settings (McMurray et al., 2012, p.218). The focus of the article is on the implication of the electronic information systems (EIS) interoperability on the capacity of healthcare providers to communicate amongst themselves and the implication of digital records on transformation of information handling and processing systems within healthcare facilities. According to the article, enhancement of continuity is an important outcome for healthcare information system. In this context, healthcare records are pivotal in enabling care providers to exchange patients’ clinical coupled with demographic information, which is necessary to effect appropriate treatment (McMurray et al., 2012, p.218). Records also aid in accountability transfers, regulatory compliance, and provide means for following up quality of the healthcare delivered. While the authors find documentation important in this extent, they argue that documentation culture consumes 25 percent of the caregiversâ€⠄¢ time in a healthcare facility (McMurray et al., 2012, p.218). Improving the documentation process can aid in improvising of more accurate, better quality, secure, and speedy, and even well coordinated healthcare.Advertising Looking for report on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to the authors, the above qualities cannot be achieved via paper-based approaches to documentation of healthcare information. This assertion underlines the importance of transitioning to EMR healthcare information systems. However, the authors report low adoption rates of the EMRs in clinical settings in Canada. They also argue that care providers encounter challenges in sending and receiving information that has been digitized. Consequently, â€Å"the adoption of digitized documentation is inconsistent across healthcare sectors and interoperability between information systems is limited† (McMurray et al., 2012, p.220). Based on this realization, the researchers found it sound to conduct a research to investigate the effects of electronic and paper information parallel system in fostering efforts of communication exchange during the process of transitioning of patient within the healthcare continuum. The authors present two main viewpoints. First, â€Å"partial interoperability between electronic information systems has complicated not eased the ability to communicate across settings and disciplines† (McMurray et al., 2012, p.223). The authors note that during the period, which the research was conducted, Canada had strategically focused on investment in EMRs. Nevertheless, most cases studied showed that transitional information was transferred through paper-based means of communication. Despite the availability of EMRs in the three cases considered in the research, healthcare providers exchanged transitional information through fax or transportation of paper-based information during transferring of the patient across the care continuum. In particular, the authors exemplify this view point by claiming that in the case involving Mrs. Robertson, two facilities sharing ownership cared for her, but even though EMR was available to the two care facilities, â€Å"staff continued to fax requests for admission and discharge documentation to each other and maintained separate paper charts† (McMurray et al., 2012, p.224).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The collision of electronic information systems in transition with patients in transition specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Indeed, clinical care workers entered Mrs. Robertson’s information manually to an external database in each of the care facilities. For long-term care facilities, none of them deployed EMRs. Documentation of information is meant to ensure ease of accessibility and retrieval of information. However, in the second v iewpoint of the authors, â€Å"while some information is more accessible and communications streamlined, parallel paper and electronic systems have added to the front line providers burden, not eased it† (McMurray et al., 2012, p.224). In this context, the article findings indicate that even if information were recorded previously in the EMR system, front care providers raised concerns that they encountered challenges in accessing and retrieving the information. These challenges were attributed to poor user interfaces and unavailability of records’ summaries. However, physicians argued that although it was difficult to retrieve and access information from their places of residence in the EMR system, when such information was retrieved, it helped them in cross communication. As part of analysis of the article, it is important to note that transition from one information system to another involves organizational change. Before people can learn and acquire experience in t he use of new information system, confusions and problems are anticipated. Therefore, it is not surprising that people would deploy paper-based approaches in the documentation process while EMRs were available. From the context of the second viewpoint of the authors, any digital information system has challenges articulated to its design. Some of these challenges include poor design of user interfaces and interactivity. When such challenges are encountered, the solution encompasses system redesign and improvement to meet user requirements, but not scraping it. In my opinion, the article is relevant to management information systems for Public and Health Administration. It provides possible area of improving EMRs to meet the needs of the users and deliver the outcomes for which the system is installed within a healthcare facility.Advertising Looking for report on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reference McMurray, J., Hicks, E., Johnson, H., Elliott, J., Byrne, K., Stolee, P. (2012). Trying to find information is like hating yourself every day: The collision of electronic information systems in transition with patients in transition. Health Informatics Journal, 19(3), 218-232.

Leadership Journey Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leadership Journey - Assignment Example In the very first journal for instance, one got to realize that my initial belief and understanding that leadership is the ability to influence others is just a partial facet of a more comprehensive and widely encompassing theory. It was therefore immensely appreciated that one got to realize that there are different definitions of leadership. In one’s search in Google’s online search engine for the definition of leadership, it amazingly revealed that the output generated as much as 94.7 million results (Google, 2013). This is an indication of the extensiveness and comprehensive depth of studies and information generated on the topic of merely trying to define leadership. Through the course, one eventually got to realize that the concept of leadership constantly transforms and unfolds. It was very helpful to have differentiated the concept of leadership with that of management (Journal 1, 2013). Though closely related, leadership was learned to be an important component as one of the functions of management through directing or leading; in conjunction with the other functions of planning, organizing, staffing and controlling (Management Study Guide, 2013). Thus, one came to realize and recognize that leadership in a crucial component in the quest and pursuit of strategies that influence and direct others to achieve explicitly defined goals. Leaders were learned to possess traits, skills, competencies, and qualifications that make them effective in their specialized endeavors (Journal 2, 2013). Likewise, one learned more about the three skill approaches that were reportedly developed by Katz (Journal 3, 2013) and the role of leaders as coaches (Journal 4, 2013). All the relevant theories also assisted in gaining a more in-depth knowledge of leadership and how this is applied in contemporary settings. How does this relate to the theory? One learned that the concept of leadership has been tried to be explained through the various theories which were presented and expounded: transactional leadership (Journal 5, 2013); the path-goal theory (Journal 6, 2013); transformational leadership (Simic, 1998); the contingency approaches to leadership (Martires & Fule, 2004); and situational model of leadership (Hersey & Blanchard, 1988); among others. For instance, the understanding that leaders are born with innate traits and skills; and not made were eventually inspired in the traits approach. As emphasized, â€Å"theorists sought to identify certain personality traits like intelligence, ambition, and charisma that are associated with effective leaders† (Martires & Fule, 2004, p. 155). On the other hand, there was another approach which allegedly emerged: the behavioral approach. According to Martires & Fule (2004), â€Å"the behavioral approach endeavors to find answers to the question of what behaviors, actions, and skills make effective leadership possible. Compared to the trait approach, the behavioral approach has a great pr actical usefulness since behavior, actions, and skills can be modified and learned† (p. 156). The path-goal theory, for instance, was deemed an action-oriented approach to leadership effectiveness (Journal 6, 2013; Martires & Fule, 2004). Therefore, the importance of understanding this theory lies in determining what factors or strategies would assist leaders and managers in achieving identified goals. It was disclosed that â€Å"beyond the dual functions of goal-setting and path-finding, the (path-goal theory) suggests that the manager’s job is to create a motivational environment that enhances the likelihood that employees will behave toward goals. This requires that managers have to

Tasks Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tasks - Assignment Example Thinking of being a leader is actually not a dream but only a sort idea that comes to mind. There was a time when self-control has been tested too much and leading the crowd is actually a must. There was this one project that has been given to the group. Equality is actually there and having a leader is not an obligation for the mentioned group. Everyone can speak, everyone can lead. However, when everyone is so busy with other stuff such as with their studies (Masters Studies) and family, the project has been forgotten. I took the courage to speak to them regarding our project though it feels a little bit overwhelming. Responsibilities are there however, thinking that I also belong to the group and the project is mine too gave me the courage to do it so. I was afraid of having no project to pass and so I stepped out and led my busy co-workers. Different tasks have been given to everyone so that they could focus and budget their own time more. Though I felt so nervous and worried of what they would say, I still did what I thought was best for all of us. The major concern I had in mind was if they would follow me or judge me instead. To tell more of the story, thanks to their support and understanding for the group’s need, everyone cooperated well enough making the project become a success. However, for me, the true success I received during that time is that, I took the courage to lead my co-workers and had good feedbacks from them. They told me that what I did is actually an act of true leadership. True leadership does not come from words but through actions. 2. Authentic and Effective Leader Authentic leadership is actually a way of leading people through conformation of an original one or act to produce essential features. A person cannot really imitate someone else however, he can learn from their experiences. I can say that being learned and inspired through the old stories of leadership is one of the good steps to strain toward proper leadership. T he integrity, passion and dedication of past leaders could really help on becoming an effective leader. Actually, Pettinger (n.d.) discussed it to his note that to become an effective leader, one must be led by example, humble, with appreciation to co-workers, have a clear vision, avoids arguments, listens to other members, creates a positive atmosphere and some who does not take himself too much. Someone can be an effective leader without imitating others but only being inspired by their works or what they did. It is actually easy if the heart of serving and dedication to work is there. 3. Crucible Experience The crucible experience I ever had regarding leadership is just the same with what have been told above. It was when I got confused upon choosing what step to do for the better improvement of our group project. The challenge of speaking and giving tasks to a group without a leader was really not a good experience. It is actually shameful to give tasks to people (your co-worker s) knowing that you have the same level of position in the group. It became a challenge if they would listen and follow or just ignore me though. However, with the thought I had in mind regarding the consequences of being the leader of the group for a while and the courage and perseverance of doing our work right, led me to achieve success and be a better individual, or I can say, a leader. My co-workers did their part and as a result, the project has become a success. 4. Self-awareness To improve